I.Society of the Early Ottoman Turks
      A.Turkish nomads from central Asia who convert to Islam
            1.Used as jihad warriors in Asia Minor by the Seljuk Turks
            2.Settled by Seljuk Turks in north-central Asia Minor
      B.These Turks rally around the war-lord Osman, hence Osmanli/Ottoman
            1.Ottomans adapt existing Seljuk & Byzantine administration
            2.Early Ottoman expansion takes advantage of the decline of
              Byzantine and Seljuk power in Asia Minor
      C.Ottoman military associations
            1.Ghazis: Warriors for the Faith waging jihad against the West
            2.Akhis: military brotherhoods waging jihad against the West

II.Islamic Expansion into Europe, 1276-1453
      A.1326, Sultan Osman captures Bursa, in Asia Minor
      B.1331, Sultan Orkhan captures Nicaea, in Asia Minor
      C.1354, Sultan Orkhan captures Gallipoli, in Europe
      D.1359, major Turkish settlement of Rumelia begins
      E.1361, Sultan Murad I takes Ankara, Macedonia, weakens Buglaria
      F.1369, Adrianople taken by Muslim Turks
      G.1389, Serbia defeated by Muslim Turks at the First Battle of Kossovo
      H.1393, Bulgaria brutally conquered by Sultan Bayezid I 
      I.1444, Muslim Turks defeat the Crusade of Varna (lower Danube basin)
      J.1448, Serbia defeated by Muslim Turks at the Second Battle Kossovo
            1.Hungarians and Wallachians defeated
            2.King of Hungary killed
      K.1453, Constantinople captured by Sultan Mehmed II
            1.great slaughter of Christians, especially in the countryside
            2.Christian churches and cathedrals turned into Muslim mosques
            3.Christians and Jews reduced to Dhimmi
            4.Sultan Mehmed publicly rapes the altar boys of the cathedral

III.Islamic Conquest of Southeastern Europe, 1458-1699
      A.1458, Athens captured by Muslim Turks
      B.1459, Serbia Sultan Mehmet II takes most of Serbia
            1.Serbian aristocracy systematically wiped out
                  a.except those who convert to Islam
                  b.origin on Bosnian Muslims
            2.Serbians reduced to agricultural slaves
            3.Devshirme: the tax of children
                  a.Boys carried off to become military slaves: Janissaries
                  b.Boys carried off to become eunuchs and catamites
                  c.Girls carried off to become sexual slaves in Muslim harems
                  d.Devshirme extended to all of southeastern Europe
      C.1463, most of Bosnia captured by Muslim Turks
      D.1477, Montenegro captured by Muslim Turks
      E.1480, First Turkish Siege of Rhodes (fails)
      F.1481, Hercegovina captured by Muslim Turks
      G.1516, Muslim Turks capture Damascus
      H.1517, Muslim Turks capture Egypt
      I.1521, Belgrade captured by Muslim Turks
      J.1522, Second Turkish Siege of Rhodes
      K.1523, Rhodes captured by Muslim Turks
            1.Knights Hospitalers retreat to Malta and Tripoli
      L.1526, Budapest captured by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent
            1.Suleiman erects pyramids of severed heads
      M.1526, Muslim Turks victorious at Battle of Mohacs, in Hungary
      N.1528, rest of Bosnia taken by Muslim Turks
      O.1529, First Turkish siege of Vienna (fails)
      P.1529, Muslim Turks capture Algeria
      Q.1543, most of Hungary taken by Turks (Hungarians flee to Austria)
      R.1547, Hungarians concede the Hungarian plain to Muslim Turks
            1.Northwest Hungary becomes a protectorate of Austria
      S.1551, Muslim Turks capture Tripoli from Knights Hospitaliers
      T.1565, Turkish Siege of Malta (fails)
      U.1570, Cyprus captured by Muslim Turks

IV.European Civilization Survives the Onslaught, 1571-1718
      A.1571, Turkish fleet defeated at Lepanto
      B.1682, Turks begin long wars against Poland and Austria
            1.Sweden and other Protestant states side with Islam
            2.Many joint Swedish/Muslim attacks on Poland & Austria & Russia
      C.1683, Second Turkish siege of Vienna (fails)
      D.1699, Treaty of Karlowitz
            1.Muslim Turks cede Hungary to Austria
            2.Muslim Turks cede southern Greece to Venice
      E.1715, Muslim Turks resume assault on the West
            1.British & Dutch sympathetic to Muslim Turks
            2.They have extensive commercial relations with Islam
            3.They see the war as disruptive of commerce
      F.1715, Muslim Turks force Venice to give up southern Greece
      G.1716, Venice allies with Austria
            1.Alliance led by Prince Eugen of Savoy
      H.1718, Turks recapture Belgrade
            1.Driven out by Austrians
      I.1718, Treaty of Passarowitz, (July 21)
            1.Muslim Turks withdraw from Hungary
            2.Muslim Turks withdraw from Little Wallachia
            3.Muslim Turks withdraw from Belgrade
            4.Muslims Turks withdraw form northern Serbia
            5.Venice gives up southern Greece
            6.Venice makes gains in Ionian Islands & Dalmatia