I.18th Century Great Power Politics
     A.Habsburg/Bourbon competition & hostility
          1.Habsburgs in HRE, Netherlands, northern Italy
          2.Bourbons in France, Spain, southern Italy, Sicily, Parma
     B.Consolidation of Monarchical/State authority & power
          1.hegemony over economy, law, army, church, foreign policy, towns
          2.domination of "national" church & offices & practices, can include:
               a.loyalty oaths imposed on clergy
               b.clergy forbidden to contact the Papacy w/o royal approval
               c.seizure of Church property (especially in Austria under Joseph II)
               d.religious processions and pilgrimages forbidden
               e.state censorship of sermons & sacraments & worship
               f.expulsions of Jesuits, 1766-1773
                    (1)their extraterritoriality perceived as a threat
                    (2)their loyalty to the Pope perceived as a threat
                    (3)their learning and their schools perceived as a threat
               g.1773-1814, dissolution of the Jesuits
                    (1)Bourbon & Habsburg pressure on the papacy
                    (2)Papacy supports the Jesuits privately, complies publicly
     C.1683-1699, Austro Turkish Wars
          1.1683, Turks invade Hungary, besiege Vienna, defeated by Holy League
          2.Austria gains sovereignty over Hungary & Transylvania
     D.1688-1697, War of the League of Augsburg
          1.Louis XIV of France invades Palatinate of the Rhine
          2.Grand Alliance: Austria, England, Netherlands, Spain vs. France
          3.Battles in America (Quebec), Caribbean, India (Plassy)
          4.Louis XIV defeated, return to status quo ante
     E.1700-1721, Great Northern War
          1.Russia, Prussia, Saxony, Hanover challenge Swedish domination of
          the Baltic
          2.Sweden eclipsed, Prussia and Russia emerge as Baltic/European powers
          3.England & Netherlands intervene at end to prevent Russian hegemony
          4.1721, Peace of Nystadt: S & E Baltic coast to Russia, Prussia, Hanover
     F.1701-1714, War of the Spanish Succession
          1.Philip V (Bourbon), grandson of Louis XIV, crowned King of Spain
          2.Louis XIV (France) invades Italy & Spanish Netherlands on behalf of Philip
          3.Grand Alliance renewed: Austria, England, Netherlands vs France
          4.England takes Gibraltar, 1704 (they've still got it!)
          5.France expelled from Spanish Netherlands & Italy by 1708
          6.Treaty of Utrecht, 1713 (west) / Treatu of Rastatt, 1714 (east)
               a.Habsburgs retain Spanish Netherlands and Italian possessions
               b.Spanish Bourbons lose Naples & Sicily & Sardina
               c.Bourbon France & Bourbon Spain never to be united
     G.1740-1748, War of Austrian Succession
          1.Dispute over Maria Theresa's acession to Austrian throne
          2.Frederick the Great of Prussia takes Silesia, and keeps it
          3.France, Bavaria & Spain attempt to partition Habsburg lands
          4.Peace of Aachen, Habsburgs lose Italy, recovers Austrian Netherlands
          5.Prussia emerges as a significant power in central Europe
          6.Habsburg Empire begins a slow and gradual decline
     H.1756-1763, Seven Year's War
          1.Prussia seizes Saxony & Bohemia (later driven out)
          2.All European powers gradually drawn in through alliances
          3.Treaty of Paris
          4.Prussia retains Silesia, emerges as a Great Power
          5.British gain: Quebec, India, emerges as hegemonic Sea Power
     I.1772-1782, Russia conquers the Crimea
     J.1772, First Partition of Poland (Russia & Prussia & Austria)
     K.1778-1779, War of the Bavarian Succession (between Prussia & Austria)
     L.1793, Second Partition of Poland (Russia & Prussia)
     M.1795, Third Partition of Poland (Russia & Prussia & Austria)
     N.1789, Hungarian nobility revolts against Habsburg rule
     O.1789, The Austrian Netherlands revolts against Habsburg rule