WORLD CIVILIZATIONS, 1650-1750

A. Four Dominating Afro-Eurasian Civilizations
	1. Western Europe
		a. Technological Civilization: metal, guns, ships
		b. Powerful nation-states w/ powerful governments emerging
                   1. Standing Armies
                   2. Standing Governments
                   3. Territorial Law
                   4. Centralized system of tax and finance
		c. Overseas Expansion
	2. China - Manchu Dynasty after 1644
		a. Most Populous Civilization
		b. Powerful Emperor, Army, Bureaucracy
		c. Overland Expansion
	3. Islamicate
		a. Militarily the Strongest, w/ gunpowder armies
		b. Overland and Overseas Expansion
		c. 3 Great Islamic Empires: Ottoman, Safavid, Moghul
		d. Major Varieties of Islam:
			1). Sunni Muslims (80%)
			2). Shia Muslims (18%)
	4. India
		a. Culturally powerful & influential, yet under Muslim domination
		b. Cultural & Religious influence on Islam: Sufism
		c. Renascent Hinduism after 1520's

B. Two Emerging Civilizations Holding Their Own
	1. Russia
 		a. Ruled by the Romanov dynasty of Czars
		b. Culturally & Militarily backwards
                   1. Long domination by Mongols & Tatars
                   2. Time of Troubles
		c. Only recently able to drive back the Islamicate
                d. the "Third Rome"
	2. Japan 
		a. Ruled by the Tokugawa Shoguns
		b. Tokugawa System
		c. Culturally & Militarily backwards

C. Two areas intensively victimized (by Western Europe & Islamicate)
	1. Sub-Saharan Africa
		a. 12,000,000 Africans captured & exported to West as slaves
		b. 14,000,000 Africans captured & exported to East as slaves
		c. Muslim states throughout North, West, and East Africa
		d. Major Dutch & Zulu settlement in southern Africa after 1650
	2. The New World
		a. Planned genocide in North America, 1600's - 1890
		b. Massive European settlement claims entire continents
		c. Jesuits protect Indians of the new world
			1) Reducciones: havens of self government & safety
			2) These havens destroyed when Jesuits crushed