I.1508 to 1863/65 Slavery in United States
     A.1508, Portuguese introduce African slaves to Brazil
     B.Slavery eliminated by Civil War

II.1880's to 1954, Jim Crow Era
     A.Jim Crow Laws upheld by Supreme Court
          1.Constitutionally sanctioned Apartheid
               a.Discrimination in food, clothing, shelter, health
               care, employment, entertainment
               b.Supreme Court says that this is OK
          2."Separate but Equal"
     B.Niagara Movement
          1.African-American organization to end discrimination and
          to enable African-Americans to participate fully in
          American life
          2.NAACP ultimately grew out of this movement, takes Jim
          Crow laws to court one step at a time, wins most cases
               a.Thurgood Marshall the prime NAACP lawyer
               b.Later appointed to Supreme Court
     C.Widespread Lynchings of African-Americans in southern states
          1.1918, 60 lynchings, 18 veterans still in uniform
          2.1919, 76 lynchings, including Mary Turner
          3.Lynchings increase throughout 20's & 30's
     D.Great Migration to northern industrial cities in 20's & 30's
          1.Discrimination more subtle, a "gentlemen's agreement"
          2.Many African-Americans go into Exile
               a.James Baldwin
               b.Paul Robeson
     E.Buying-Power movement
          1.African-Americans put financial pressure on businesses
          where they shop, but which refuse to hire Black people
          2.Slowly but surely the buying-power movement wins gains
          in the northern industrial towns
          3.Movement recently directed against Coca-Cola
     F.Charles Drew
          1.Perfects method to extract plasma from whole blood
          2.Develops system of plasma banks
          3.This development saves thousands in Korean War
          4.Charles Drew bled to death when a "whites only"
          hospital refused to admit him after an auto accident
     G.Integration of US Armed Forces, late 1940's
          1.Much resistance at first
          2.Military led the way in wholesale integration

III.1954, Supreme Court declares Jim Crow laws unconstitutional
     A.Separate but Equal no longer the law of the land
          1.Integration ordered
          2.Some progress in northern states
          3.Widespread avoidance in southern states
               a.Poll Taxes
               b.Literacy Tests
               c.Intimidation
               d.KKK, Minutemen, etc.
     B.Little Rock, Arkansas

IV.1960's, "I have seen the Promised Land"
     A.Rosa Parks
          1.Willing to say NO
          2.Willing to accept the consequences
     B.Martin Luther King, Jr.
          1.Creative non-violence
               a.Boycotts
               b.Sit-Ins
               c.Lunch-Ins
               d.Marches
               e.Car Pools (Alabama declared Car Pools illegal)
          2.Satyagraha
          3.Nobel Peace Prize
          4.Assassinated in 1968
               a.COINTELPRO involvement
     C.Black Power Movement
          1.King/NAACP seen as gaining too little, too late
          2.Malcolm X urges self-defense, separatism & Islam
               a.Spokesman for Nation of Islam, Elijah Muhammad
               b.Breaks w/ NOI, founds Muslim Mosque Incorporated
               c.Founds Organization for Afro-American Unity
               d.Begins to preach brotherhood of all mankind
               e.Assassinated in 1965
               f.COINTELPRO provoked (carried out?) assassination
          3.Rap Brown & others urge violence in self-defense
               a.Widespread white fear of revolution
               b.Many black leaders are also hesitant about Black
               Power movement
          4.Black Panther Party
               a.Militant, but peaceful, urge self-defense
               b.Breakfast Program
               c.E. Cleaver, H. P. Newton, S. Carmichael, B.
               Seale, F. Hampton (Chicago), G. Jackson (Soledad)
               d.COINTELPRO declares war on Black Panther Party
               e.Most leaders dead, imprisoned, exiled by 1970
     D.The Riots, 1964-68
          1.Detroit
          2.Watts
          3.Los Angeles
          4.Washington D.C.

V.1970's to Present, Partial Victory
     A.Discrimination illegal, but widespread
     B.Affirmative Action
     C.KKK resurgent
     D.Skinheads & Nazis
     E.Greensborogh, NC
     F.Rodney King Beating
     G.Many white people fear a race war, not realizing that there
     has been a continuous race war against Black People since 1509
          1.What they really fear is that Black People will start
          shooting back!