I.Division of Europe/World F.E.A.R. A.Russian Hegemony in central/eastern Europe, N. Korea B.F.E.A. Hegemony in central/western Europe, Mideast, SE Asia C.Berlin partitioned into four zones of occupation D.Each side tries to build a New World Order 1.US Marshall Plan to rebuild in Germany and Japan 2.USSR COMECON to rebuild Iron Curtain countries E.Each side holds carefully rigged elections F.Each side begins to distrust/fear the other 1.Defend against external enemies 2.Seek out internal enemies II.Stages and Events of the Cold War A.1946/48, USSR establishes Soviet satellites in E. Europe 1.1947, Poland 2.1947, Hungary 3.1947, Romania 4.1947, Bulgaria (Nikola Petkov killed) 5.1948, Czechoslovakia (Jan Masaryk killed) 6.Yugoslavia, under Tito, remains independently commie B.1947, Truman Doctrine 1.Policy of Containment 2.No further Communist advance 3.Military ring around USSR & its satellites C.June, 1948 - May 1949, Berlin Airlift 1.Stalin blockades Berlin, shuts off power, water 2.Americans & British supply Berlin through airlift 3.one plane every three minutes 4.275,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies a.Coal, flour, salt, meat, fruit, medicine b.Gail Halvorsen, "der Schokoladeflieger" 5.79 American and British airmen killed in crashes D.1949, N.A.T.O. alliance formed 1.Soviets explode their first atomic bomb 2.Massive network of Soviet spies throughout US & West E.1949, Communists take control of China 1.Mao Tse-Tung leads Chinese Communist Party 2.Cultural revolution in 1960's, millions killed F.1945-1955, French try to reestablish French Indo-China 1.Ho Chi Mihn & Viet Mihn 2.1954, Dien Bien Phu G.1950-1953, Korean War 1.Communist North Korea invades Democratic South Korea 2.US & UN drive back North Koreans, then Chinese army H.1955, Warsaw Pact alliance formed 1.Offensive and defensive alliance I.1950-1970, Bomb Scare 1.Atomic, then Hydrogen Bombs a.China develops Hydrogen Bomb by 1960s 2.Coincides with postwar economic boom a.GI bills, nuclear family, applainces, etc. b.Ward Cleaver on welfare 3.Fallout shelters 4.Civil Defense a.Emergency Broadcast System b.Bomb drills 5.Duck and Cover! J.1955-1973, Americans try to build Democracy in South Vietnam 1.Ho Chi Mihn directs Viet Cong invasion of South Vietnam 2.1973, Treaty between Communist North Vietnam & Democratic South Vietnam 2.1973, US Congressional Democrats cut off all assistance to South Vietnam 3.1975, North Vietnam conquers South Vietnam K.1955, Soviet troops leave Austria L.1956, Hungarian Revolution M.1957, Sputnik 1.Russians winning the Space Race 2.Panic in the west 3.Renewal of Big Science programs 4.NASA & Astronaut programs begin N.1959, Communist takeover in Cuba 1.Fidel Castro 2.Che Guevara (a new Trotsky in plotting revolutions) O.1961, Berlin Crisis 1.Khruschev builds Berlin Wall, moat, killing zones 2.US & USSR face off in Berlin 3.Kennedy goes on TV 4.In Berlin, Kennedy says "Ich bin ein Berliner!" P.1962, Cuban Missile Crisis 1.Russians install nuclear IRBMs in Cuba 2.US declares a "quarantine" of Cuba 3.Russia threatens war 4.Kennedy goes on TV 5.Russia pretends to remove missiles 6.Missiles actually remain in Cuba, US got snookered Q.1963, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty between USA & USSR R.1968, Czhechoslovakian revolution, "Prague Spring," crushed by USSR S.1969, SALT Talks begin T.1968-1973, Dr. Nikolai Georgeoff in Breckenridge & Clare 1.Bulgarian exile, established M.D. practice 2.Harassed & beaten by KGB in Breckenridge, MI 3.Murdered by KGB in Clare, MI U.1970's, Communist Victories in Southeast Asia 1.Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos 2.Communist genocide under Pol Pot in Cambodia 3.Boat People seek refuge in Hong Kong, Singapore, USA V.1979, US Senate refuses to ratify SALT Treaty W.1979-1990, USSR invades Afghanistan 1.Bogged down in a long guerilla war 2.We supply the opposition forces X.1980's, Communist victories in Nicaragua 1.US funds Contra rebels, led by Eden Pastora Y.1985-1991, Gorbachev Era 1.Glasnost & Perestroika 2.In Berlin, Reagan says: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" Z.1991, USSR breaks up 1.Mikhail Gorbachev overthrown by Party & KGB 2.Boris Yeltsin emerges as Russian leader, anti-Commie 3.1991, Yelstin outlaws Communist Party 4.1992, Yeltsin crushess one parliament, installs another 5.1994-1995, Chechnya revolt crushed by Yeltsin III.Soviet & Russian Leaders, 1918-1995 A.Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov (Lenin), 1918-1922 1.Gulag begins 2.Concentration Camps 3.Death Camps 4.Anti-Religious Persecution 5.CHEKA 6.War Communism 7.Famine 8.NEP 9.Comintern 10.Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Persia (Gilan), B.Stalin, Kamenev, Trotsky scramble for power C.Joseph Vissarionevitch Djugashvilii (Stalin), 1922-1953 1.Gulag expanded to entire USSR 2.Concentration Camps 3.Death Camps 4.Anti-Religious Persecution 5.GPU, NKVD 6.Industrialization 7.DeKulakization 8.Famine 9.Moscow Show Trials 10.Cult of the Leader 11.Comintern 12.Popular Front 13.Iron Curtain 14.Berlin Airlift 15.Georgia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Tannu-Tuva D.Malenkov, 1953-1954 E.Khruschev/Bulganin/Zhukov scramble for power F.Nikita Khruschev, 1954-1964 1.DeStalinization, 1956-1964 2.Gulag shrinks a little (major projects completed) 3.Concentration Camps 4.Death Camps 5.KGB 6.Ukraine, Hungary, Romania, Poland, East Germany 7.Berlin Crisis 8.Cuban Missile Crisis G.Leonid Brezhnev, 1964-1982 1.ReStalinization 2.Gulag re-extended to Stalinist proportions 3.Concentration Camps 4.Psychiatric prisons & forced treatment for dissidents 5.Death Camps 6.KGB 7.Cult of the Leader 8.Brezhnev Doctrine: Irreversibility of Communism 9.Czechoslovakia crushed, 1968 10.Afghanistan (1979-1990) 11.Soviet support for North Vietnam, Viet-Cong 12.Soviet activism and subversion throughout Africa H.Yuri Andropov, 1982-1984 1.Stalinism 2.Concentration Camps 3.Death Camps 4.KGB I.Konstantin Chernenko, 1984-1985 1.Stalinism 2.Concentration Camps 3.Death Camps 4.KGB J.Mikhail Gorbachev, 1985- 1.DeStalinization 2.Perestroika (restructuring) 3.Glasnost (openness) 4.KGB K.Boris Yeltsin, 1991- 1.ReStalinization 2.Outlaws Communist party 3.KGB renamed RSA 4.Besieges & destroys democratically elected Congress 5.Besieges, crushes, occupies independent Chechnya L.Vladimir Putin IV.Chinese Communist Leaders, 1949-1997 A.Mao Tse-Tung, 1949-1976 1.Concentration Camps 2.Death Camps 3.Great Leap Forward a.Steel b.Swallows 4.Cultural Revolution B.Gang of Four (briefly) C.Deng Xiao-Ping, 1976-1997 1.Concentration Camps 2.Death Camps 3.Tienanmen Square Massacre (1989)