I.Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
    A.Origin of the Species, 1859
       1.Natural Selection (basic principles)
          a.Species not immutable
          b.Struggle for life
          c.Each species must have an offspring, else perish
          d.Favorable variations have advantage in struggle for life
            (1)have offspring, which inherit this advantage
          e.Unfavorable variations disadvantaged in struggle for life
            (1)sterile variations do not reproduce
            (2)disadvantageous variations perish w/ fewer offspring
          f.Progressive divergence results in new species
       2.Advanced species exterminate closely related but inferior species
    B.Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1871
       1.Evolution as Progress
       2.Racial superiority of western civilization
       3.Struggles between civilizations & races not yet concluded
          a.Less advanced races wil necessarily be exterminated
          b.Transitional forms between western man and apes eliminated
       4.Morality and immorality a social accident, entirely relative
          a.Ploygamy, infanticide, abortion all acceptable
       5.Inferior people should refrain having children
       6.Society should regulate marriages of inferior people
       7.English the most advanced race
II.Francis Galton (1822-1911)
    A.Darwin's cousin
    B.Enthusiastic proponent of Darwinism after 1859
    C.Evolution as Progress
    D."Hereditary Talent and Character," 1865
    E.Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences, 1869
       1.Advocates selective breeding to improve mankind
       2.Darwin avidly cheers Dalton's ideas
          a.Darwin inspired to write Descent of Man
          b.Advocates "Artifical Selection" to improve mankind
    F."Hereditary Improvement," 1873
       1.Advocates forced celibacy for inferior people & races
       2.If they continue to reproduce, they must be eliminated
    G.Agues that there are advanced races and savage races
       1.Argues that Chinese and Jews are backwards
       2.Argues that Africans and Indians are savages
       3.Backwards and Savage races must be eliminated
    H.Founded the Eugenics movement, even coined the word
       1.Evolution to be guided by reason and science, not nature
    I.English the most advanced race
III.Ernst von Haeckel (1834-1919)
    A.Generelle Morphologie, 1866
    B.The History of Creation, 1901
    C.The Wonders of Life, A Popular Study of Biological Philosophy, 1905
    D.Enthusiastic champion of Darwinism by 1860
       1.Popularized and scientificized Darwin's ideas
       2.Darwin was an enthusiastic fan of Haeckel
    E.Evolution as Progress
    F.Argues less advanced races have "thoughtless animal souls"
    G.Argues less advanced races are closer to apes and dogs
    H.Argues that Christianity was a myth of uneducated peoples
    I.Argues Darwinism is the cure for superstitious illusions
    J.Advocates racial extermination, infanticide, abortion, euthanasia,
      eugenics, suicide, and societally directed racial hygiene
    K.Society has no place for the unfit: involuntary euthanasia
       1."Lunatics, lepers, people with cancer"
       2.Medicine must speed up ways to exterminate the unfit
    L.Best-selling books translated into 25 languages!
    M.Germans the most advanced race