I. Early Responses to Negative Aspects of Industrialism
     A.Governmental Intervention
          1.Child/Women's Labor Laws, Britain, 1833
               a.No one under 9 years old
               b.Only 9 hour day for women & children
               c.No mine labor
               d.Some improvements, but subsequent high female unemployment
			leads to increased female prostitution
          2.Uniform Industrial Code, Germany, 1891
               a.Workman's Compensation for injuries
               b.Social Security for the Aged
               c.Mandatory retirement at age 65
     B.The Social Planners
          1.Jeremy Bentham
               a.Utilitarianism: "greatest good for the greatest number"
               b.Prison-Centered economy as an ideal
          2.Planned Obsolescence in German Industrialism
               a.Never cease research & development
               b.This accelerates military/industrial efficiency
          3.Cecil Rhodes & Rhodes Scholarship program
               a.Create a modern society based on Plato's Republic
               b."Go for the Gowns"
          4.Carroll Quigley (U.S.)
               a.Control the development of society through controlling key
               educational and key financial institutions
               b.President Clinton says that Dr. Carroll Quigley is the most
               influential man in his life after John Kennedy
     C.Social Welfare Movement
          1.Salvation Army
          2.YMCA, YWCA
     D.Trade Unionism
          1.Limited toleration of trade unions after 1825
          2.Slow gains in wages & conditions
          3.Family Wage Movement
     E.Early Socialism
          1.Robert Owen (Welshsman)
               a.Fabian Socialism
               b.Syndicalism
               c.New Harmony Commune, Indiana
          2.American Transcendentalists
               a.Henry David Thoreau
               b.Ralph Waldo Emerson
          3.Anabaptist religious movements
               a.Amish, Mennonite, & Shaker communities

II.Social Aspects of the Industrial Revolution
     A.In the West: Urban Proletariat
          1.No churches in the new industrial towns, as there 
		had been in villages
               a.Some few in small towns, some missions
          2.No schools in the new industrial towns
               a.Until industrialists demand that workers be taxed to 
		build schools that train them in the obedience and the 
		skills the industrialists wanted them to have as employees 
		and the state wanted them to have as obedient taxpayers 
		and soldiers
               b.The State controls who is allowed to teach
               c.Loyalty oaths
                    (1)Still around, Jace had to take one at Oakland
                     	University in 1993!
                    (2)A more subversive form is when all educators and 
			all university employees are required to report all 
			infractions of the law that they see, overhear, or 
			hear about
                         (a)This is the policy of Lansing Community College
                         (b)So don't say nuttin' to nobody!
          3.No local feeling, as in villages
               a.The new towns are too big, have too many people
               b.You don't know many people, only those at work
          4.Working Class a silent majority
               a.Inchoate power, yet unrealized
               b.Unions illegal in Britain after 1799
          5.Upper Class and Bourgeois fear the potential power of this 
		large, disaffected class
               a.Liberals pitied and often helped the proletariat, but 
		opposed allowing them to have a vote
               b.Conservatives feared the proletariat and wanted to 
		alleviate their sufferings to preclude political problems 
		should the proletariat become organized
               c.Both groups preach that unions are subversive and unpatriotic
     B.In the East: Rural Proletariat, less industrialization
          1.Relationship between wealthy landowners and poor serfs
               a.Peasants getting uppity
                    (1)Emigration
                    (2)Terrorize countryside in local areas
                    (3)Organize & press for reform
                    (4)Some strikes & organized revolts
                    (5)Continued subservience most of the time
          2.Dissatisfied peasantry a concern for the ruling class
               a.How to make them law-abiding citizens
                    (1)Promise 40 acres and a mule
                    (2)Make them small-time landowners and they will
			 become loyal and conservative
          3.Massive unrest at all levels
               a.Much class-conflict was actually encouraged by the state,
		just to keep the poorer classes divided
                    (1)Landowners vs. Share-croppers
                    (2)Landowners & Tenants against Farm-hands & 
			Migrant Workers
               b.This sort of "divide and keep conquered" approach was used 
		in the West, especially in Rural America (against the Grange),
		as well as in the East
          4.Russia, 1807-1860, some peasant emancipation
               a.Personal freedom & some land
               b.Many agricultural laborers who were neither serfs nor free
               peasants: a rural proletariat of farm-hands, share-croppers
               c.The Mir: Some peasant "owned" land was actually held by
		villages and periodically apportioned out to peasant "owners"
               d.Notice how Boris Yeltsin tried to stay in power in March 1993
		by promising land reform, offering hope for "land vouchers"