I.Traditionalist Responses to Western Imperialism & Industrialism A.United States 1.Ghost Dance Movement a.Wovoka (prayer, singing, dancing, ghost shirts) b.Wounded Knee (1890) 2.Great White Buffalo (bringer of the sacred pipe) a.Messianic Hope b.GWB born in 1994 3.Hunters & Outdoorsmen found Conservation movement a.Conserve wild lands & wild life b.Funded by excise tax on outdoor goods c.National Forests, State Forests B.China 1.Opium Wars, 1840's (China forced to allow drug trade) 2.Boxer Rebellion, 1899 3.Workers and peasants begin anti-Western rebellion 4.Crushed by Chinese govt, Japan, England, US, etc. C.Africa 1.The Mahdist Uprising, 1881-1898 2.Muhammad Ahmad (1848-1885), the Mahdi 3.Reformist: return to Islam of Muhammad & Companions 4.Millenialist, Mahdi prepares world for last judgement 5.Rebellion crushed by British